xov xwm

Tej zaum tom qab Ohm txoj cai lij choj, txoj cai thib ob nto moo tshaj plaws hauv hluav taws xob yog Moore txoj cai: Tus naj npawb ntawm cov transistors tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas ua ke ob zaug ib xyoos ib zaug los yog li ntawd.Vim lub cev loj ntawm cov nti tseem nyob li qub, qhov no txhais tau hais tias. ib tug neeg transistors yuav ua me me nyob rau lub sij hawm.Peb tau pib xav tias yuav muaj ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov chips nrog me me feature qhov ntau thiab tsawg yuav tshwm sim ntawm ib tug ceev ceev, tab sis dab tsi yog qhov point ntawm ua tej yam me me?Puas me me ib txwm txhais tau tias zoo dua?
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua dhau los, hluav taws xob engineering tau ua tiav zoo heev.Nyob rau xyoo 1920, cov xov tooj cua tshaj plaws AM muaj ntau lub tshuab nqus tsev, ob peb lub inductors loj, capacitors thiab resistors, kaum ob meters ntawm cov xov hlau siv los ua cov kav hlau txais xov, thiab cov roj teeb loj. kom lub zog tag nrho cov cuab yeej. Niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem Mloog ntau dua kaum lub suab paj nruag streaming cov kev pabcuam ntawm lub cuab yeej hauv koj lub hnab ris, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua.Tab sis miniaturization tsis yog rau kev txav mus los xwb: nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo uas peb xav tau los ntawm peb cov khoom siv niaj hnub no.
Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom me me yog tias lawv tso cai rau koj suav nrog ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm hauv tib lub ntim.Qhov no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov circuits digital: ntau cov khoom txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem ua ntau dua hauv tib lub sijhawm.Piv txwv li, hauv kev xav, cov Tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav los ntawm 64-ntsis processor yog yim npaug ntawm 8-ntsis CPU khiav ntawm tib lub moos zaus.Tab sis nws kuj yuav tsum tau yim zaug ntau yam: cov npe, adders, tsheb npav, thiab lwm yam yog tag nrho yim npaug loj dua. .Yog li koj xav tau ib lub nti uas yog yim npaug loj dua lossis ib lub transistor uas yog yim npaug me dua.
Tib yam muaj tseeb rau cov chips nco: Los ntawm kev ua me me transistors, koj muaj ntau qhov chaw cia nyob rau hauv tib lub ntim.The pixels nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov zaub niaj hnub no yog ua los ntawm nyias zaj duab xis transistors, yog li nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab rau scale lawv down thiab ua tiav siab dua. , qhov me me ntawm transistor, qhov zoo dua, thiab muaj lwm qhov tseem ceeb: lawv cov kev ua tau zoo heev.Tab sis vim li cas raws nraim?
Thaum twg koj ua ib tug transistor, nws yuav muab ib co ntxiv Cheebtsam pub dawb.Txhua lub davhlau ya nyob twg muaj ib tug resistor nyob rau hauv series.Txhua yam khoom nqa tam sim no kuj muaj nws tus kheej inductance.Thaum kawg, muaj ib tug capacitance ntawm ob tug conductors ntsib ib leeg.Txhua yam teebmeem no. haus lub zog thiab ua kom lub zog ntawm cov transistor qeeb qeeb.Parasitic capacitances muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb: lawv yuav tsum tau them thiab tawm txhua lub sij hawm lub transistors qhib los yog tua, uas yuav tsum tau lub sij hawm thiab tam sim no los ntawm lub hwj chim mov.
Lub capacitance ntawm ob lub conductors yog ib qho kev ua ntawm lawv lub cev loj: ib tug me me txhais tau tias ib tug me me capacitance.Thiab vim hais tias me me capacitors txhais tau tias siab dua speeds thiab qis zog, me transistors yuav khiav ntawm lub moos zaus ntau dua thiab dissipate tsawg tshav kub ua li ntawd.
Raws li koj txo qhov loj ntawm transistors, capacitance tsis yog tib qho txiaj ntsig uas hloov pauv: muaj ntau yam txawv txawv quantum mechanical teebmeem uas tsis pom tseeb rau cov khoom siv loj dua.Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau hais lus, ua transistors me me yuav ua rau lawv sai dua.Tab sis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua. dua li cov transistors xwb.Thaum koj teev lwm yam khoom, lawv ua li cas?
Feem ntau hais lus, passive Cheebtsam xws li resistors, capacitors, thiab inductors yuav tsis zoo dua thaum lawv tau me me: nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, lawv yuav mob zuj zus. Yog li ntawd, lub miniaturization ntawm cov khoom no feem ntau yuav tsum tau compressed rau hauv ib tug me me ntim. , yog li txuag PCB chaw.
Qhov loj ntawm cov resistor tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsis txhob ua rau poob ntau dhau.Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib daim ntawm cov khoom yog muab los ntawm, qhov twg l yog qhov ntev, A yog qhov chaw hla ntu, thiab ρ yog qhov resistivity ntawm cov khoom.Koj tuaj yeem tsuas yog txo qhov ntev thiab ntu ntu, thiab xaus nrog lub cev me me resistor, tab sis tseem muaj qhov tsis sib xws.Qhov tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo yog tias thaum dissipating tib lub zog, lub cev me me resistors yuav tsim kom muaj cua sov ntau dua li cov resistors loj dua.Yog li ntawd, me me. resistors tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv cov hluav taws xob qis hluav taws xob xwb.Cov lus no qhia tau hais tias lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm SMD resistors txo qis li cas lawv qhov loj me.
Niaj hnub no, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws resistor koj tuaj yeem yuav yog metric 03015 qhov loj (0.3 hli x 0.15 hli).Lawv ntsuas lub zog tsuas yog 20 mW thiab tsuas yog siv rau cov circuits uas dissipate lub zog me me thiab tsis tshua muaj kev txwv hauv qhov loj.A me me metric 0201 pob (0.2 hli x 0.1 hli) tau tso tawm, tab sis tseem tsis tau muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm.Tab sis txawm tias lawv tshwm sim hauv cov chaw tsim khoom catalog, tsis txhob cia siab tias lawv yuav nyob txhua qhov chaw: feem ntau xaiv thiab qhov chaw neeg hlau tsis raug txaus. los tuav lawv, yog li lawv tseem yuav yog cov khoom lag luam niche.
Cov capacitors kuj tuaj yeem ua kom txo qis, tab sis qhov no yuav txo lawv cov peev txheej.Cov qauv rau kev suav cov capacitance ntawm shunt capacitor yog, qhov twg A yog thaj tsam ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, d yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv, thiab ε yog qhov dielectric tas li. (cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab).Yog hais tias lub capacitor (tseem ceeb ib qho khoom siv tiaj tus) yog qhov me me, qhov chaw yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg, yog li txo qhov capacitance.Yog tias koj tseem xav ntim ntau nafara hauv ib lub ntim me me, qhov kev xaiv nkaus xwb. yog muab ob peb txheej ua ke.Vim kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tsim khoom, uas kuj tau ua cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias (d) thiab tshwj xeeb dielectrics (nrog ε loj) tau, qhov loj ntawm capacitors tau shrunk ho nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoo dhau los.
Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws capacitor muaj hnub no yog nyob rau hauv ib qho ultra-me me metric 0201 pob: tsuas yog 0.25 mm x 0.125 mm.Lawv capacitance yog txwv rau qhov tseem pab tau 100 nF, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm voltage yog 6.3 V.Kuj, cov pob khoom no yog heev me me thiab xav tau cov cuab yeej siv siab heev los tswj lawv, txwv lawv txoj kev txais yuav ntau.
Rau inductors, zaj dab neeg yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis.Qhov inductance ntawm lub kauj ncaj yog muab los ntawm, qhov twg N yog tus naj npawb ntawm lem, A yog qhov chaw hla ntawm lub kauj, l yog nws qhov ntev, thiab μ yog qhov cov khoom tsis tu ncua (permeability).Yog tias tag nrho qhov ntev yog txo los ntawm ib nrab, qhov inductance kuj yuav raug txo los ntawm ib nrab.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau tseem zoo ib yam: qhov no yog vim qhov ntev thiab ntu ntu ntawm cov hlau raug txo kom tsawg. peb lub hlis twg ntawm nws tus nqi qub.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias koj xaus nrog tib lub zog nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm inductance, yog li koj halve qhov zoo (Q) yam ntawm cov kauj.
Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kev lag luam muaj discrete inductor txais lub nti loj 01005 (0.4 mm x 0.2 mm).Cov no siab li 56 nH thiab muaj qhov tsis kam ntawm ob peb ohms.Inductors nyob rau hauv ib qho ultra-me me metric 0201 pob tau tso tawm xyoo 2014, tab sis thaj tsam lawv yeej tsis tau qhia rau lub khw.
Cov kev txwv lub cev ntawm inductors tau raug daws los ntawm kev siv lub phenomenon hu ua dynamic inductance, uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv coils ua los ntawm graphene.Tab sis txawm li ntawd los, yog tias nws tuaj yeem tsim tau hauv kev lag luam, nws yuav nce li 50%. lub coil tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo me me.Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj lub voj voog ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaus siab, qhov no tsis tas yuav muaj teeb meem.Yog tias koj lub teeb liab nyob rau hauv ntau yam GHz, ob peb nH coils feem ntau txaus.
Qhov no coj peb mus rau lwm qhov uas tau ua me me hauv ib puas xyoo dhau los tab sis koj yuav tsis pom tam sim ntawd: lub wavelength peb siv rau kev sib txuas lus. Cov xov tooj cua thaum ntxov siv lub nruab nrab-yoj AM zaus ntawm 1 MHz nrog lub wavelength txog 300 meters. FM zaus band nyob nruab nrab ntawm 100 MHz lossis 3 meters tau nrov nyob ib puag ncig xyoo 1960, thiab niaj hnub no peb siv 4G kev sib txuas lus nyob ib puag ncig 1 lossis 2 GHz (txog 20 cm). Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm miniaturization uas peb muaj pheej yig, txhim khu kev qha thiab lub zog txuag hluav taws xob uas ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaus no.
Shrinking wavelengths tuaj yeem txo cov kav hlau txais xov vim tias lawv qhov loj me yog ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov zaus lawv xav tau xa los yog tau txais. Niaj hnub no cov xov tooj ntawm tes tsis xav tau cov kav hlau txais xov ntev ntev, ua tsaug rau lawv cov kev sib txuas lus siab ntawm GHz zaus, uas lub kav hlau txais xov tsuas yog xav tau txog ib qho. centimeter ntev.Qhov no yog vim li cas feem ntau cov xov tooj ntawm tes uas tseem muaj FM receivers xav kom koj ntsaws lub pob ntseg ua ntej siv: lub xov tooj cua yuav tsum siv lub mloog pob ntseg xov hlau los ua tus kav hlau txais xov kom tau txais cov teeb liab txaus los ntawm cov nthwv dej ntev ib-meter.
Raws li rau cov circuits txuas nrog peb cov kav hlau txais xov me me, thaum lawv me me, lawv ua tau yooj yim dua rau kev ua.Qhov no tsis yog vim tias cov transistors tau ua sai dua, tab sis kuj vim tias cov kab sib kis cuam tshuam tsis muaj teeb meem ntxiv lawm. Hauv luv luv, thaum qhov ntev. ntawm ib tug xaim tshaj ib feem kaum ntawm lub wavelength, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov theem hloov nyob rau hauv nws ntev thaum tsim lub Circuit Court.Ntawm 2.4 GHz, qhov no txhais tau hais tias tsuas yog ib tug centimeter ntawm hlau tau cuam tshuam koj Circuit Court; Yog hais tias koj solder discrete Cheebtsam ua ke, nws yog ib tug mob taub hau, tab sis yog hais tias koj nteg tawm lub Circuit Court ntawm ob peb square millimeters, nws tsis yog ib qho teeb meem.
Kev kwv yees txog kev tuag ntawm Moore Txoj Cai, lossis qhia tias cov kev twv ua ntej no tsis raug rov ua dua, tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus rov ua dua tshiab hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis kev sau xov xwm.Qhov tseeb tseem yog Intel, Samsung, thiab TSMC, peb cov neeg sib tw uas tseem nyob hauv ntej. ntawm qhov kev ua si, txuas ntxiv mus txuas ntxiv nta ib square micrometer, thiab npaj los qhia ntau tiam neeg ntawm kev txhim kho chips yav tom ntej.Txawm hais tias qhov kev vam meej lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv txhua kauj ruam yuav tsis zoo li ob xyoo dhau los, lub miniaturization ntawm transistors. txuas ntxiv mus.
Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov khoom sib cais, peb zoo li tau mus txog qhov txwv tsis pub muaj: ua rau lawv me me tsis txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, thiab cov khoom siv me me tam sim no muaj tsawg dua li cov neeg siv feem ntau xav tau.Nws zoo li tsis muaj Moore Txoj Cai rau cov khoom siv sib cais, tab sis yog tias muaj Moore Txoj Cai, peb xav pom ntau npaum li cas ib tus neeg tuaj yeem thawb qhov kev sib tw SMD soldering.
Kuv ib txwm xav thaij duab ntawm PTH resistor kuv tau siv xyoo 1970s, thiab muab SMD resistor rau nws, ib yam li kuv tab tom sib pauv hauv / tawm tam sim no.Kuv lub hom phiaj yog ua kom kuv cov kwv tij thiab cov muam (tsis muaj leej twg yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) hloov pauv ntau npaum li cas, suav nrog kuv tseem tuaj yeem pom qhov chaw ntawm kuv txoj haujlwm, (raws li kuv qhov muag tsis pom kev, kuv ob txhais tes yuav tshee tshee).
Kuv nyiam hais, puas yog ua ke los tsis yog.Kuv ntxub "kev txhim kho, zoo dua." Qee lub sij hawm koj qhov kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm zoo, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom ntxiv lawm.Lub ntuj raug txim yog dab tsi?
"Qhov tseeb tseem yog peb lub tuam txhab Intel, Samsung thiab TSMC tseem tab tom sib tw ua ntej ntawm qhov kev ua si no, tas li nyem tawm ntau cov nta ib square micrometer,"
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov loj thiab kim heev.Nyob rau xyoo 1971, cov tsev neeg nruab nrab tsuas muaj ob peb lub xov tooj cua, lub tso suab thiab TV.Rau xyoo 1976, cov khoos phis tawj, tshuab xam zauv, digital moos thiab watches tau tshwm sim, uas yog me me thiab pheej yig rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Qee qhov miniaturization los ntawm design.Operational amplifiers tso cai rau siv cov gyrators, uas tuaj yeem hloov cov inductors loj nyob rau qee kis.Active filters kuj tshem tawm inductors.
Cov khoom loj dua txhawb lwm yam: kev txo qis ntawm Circuit Court, uas yog, sim siv cov khoom tsawg tshaj plaws los ua kom lub voj voog ua haujlwm.Hnub no, peb tsis mob siab heev.Xav tau ib yam dab tsi los thim rov qab lub teeb liab? Siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Koj puas xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv xeev?Ua ib lub mpu.etc.Cov khoom niaj hnub no yog me me, tab sis muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv.Yog li qhov yooj yim koj lub voj voog loj thiab lub zog siv hluav taws xob nce.A transistor siv los hloov lub teeb liab siv tsawg zog rau ua kom tiav tib txoj haujlwm dua li lub tshuab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm.Tab sis tom qab ntawd dua, miniaturization yuav saib xyuas kev siv lub zog.Nws tsuas yog qhov kev tsim kho tshiab tau mus rau qhov sib txawv.
Koj yeej tsis nco txog qee qhov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws / qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov loj me: txo cov kab mob cab thiab nce lub zog tuav (uas zoo li counterintuitive).
Los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov pom, ib zaug qhov loj me txog li 0.25u, koj yuav mus txog qib GHz, thaum lub sij hawm lub pob SOP loj pib tsim qhov loj tshaj * cuam tshuam.Long bonding xov hlau thiab cov coj yuav thaum kawg tua koj.
Ntawm no, QFN / BGA pob tau txhim kho zoo heev ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum koj mount lub pob tiaj tus zoo li no, koj xaus nrog * qhov tseem ceeb * zoo dua thermal kev ua tau zoo thiab cov ntaub qhwv tawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Intel, Samsung, thiab TSMC yeej yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, tab sis ASML tej zaum yuav tseem ceeb dua hauv daim ntawv teev npe no.Tau kawg, qhov no yuav tsis siv rau lub suab tsis zoo ...
Nws tsis yog hais txog kev txo cov nqi silicon los ntawm cov txheej txheem tom ntej nodes.Lwm yam, xws li hnab. Cov pob me me yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsawg dua thiab wcsp los yog tsawg dua. Cov pob me me, PCBs me me los yog modules, thiab lwm yam.
Kuv feem ntau pom qee cov khoom lag luam, qhov uas tsuas yog tsav tsheb xwb yog tus nqi txo.MHz / lub cim xeeb loj yog tib yam, SOC muaj nuj nqi thiab kev teeb tsa tus pin yog tib yam.Peb tuaj yeem siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab los txo kev siv hluav taws xob (feem ntau qhov no tsis pub dawb, yog li yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev sib tw zoo uas cov neeg siv khoom nyiam)
Ib qho ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom loj yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Cov transistors me me yog qhov cuam tshuam rau cov teebmeem ntawm cosmic rays, nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb no.Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab txawm tias high-altitude observatories.
Kuv tsis pom qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev nce ceev.Lub teeb liab ceev yog kwv yees li 8 ntiv tes ib nanosecond.Yog li tsuas yog los ntawm kev txo qhov loj me, cov chips sai dua tuaj yeem ua tau.
Tej zaum koj yuav xav tshawb xyuas koj tus kheej lej los ntawm kev suav qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nthuav tawm qeeb vim kev hloov pauv ntawm ntim thiab txo qis (1 / zaus). ib puag ncig yam.
Ib yam uas kuv xav ntxiv yog tias ntau ICs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qauv qub thiab cov chips analog, tsis yog qhov txo qis, tsawg kawg yog sab hauv.Vim kev txhim kho hauv kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov pob khoom tau dhau los ua me, tab sis qhov ntawd yog vim DIP pob feem ntau muaj ntau ntau. qhov chaw seem sab hauv, tsis yog vim transistors thiab lwm yam tau ua me me.
Ntxiv rau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua kom cov neeg hlau muaj tseeb txaus los ua cov khoom me me hauv kev siv cov khoom siv ceev ceev, lwm qhov teeb meem yog kev ntseeg siab vuam cov khoom me me.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj tseem xav tau cov khoom loj dua vim lub zog / muaj peev xwm.Siv tshwj xeeb solder paste, tshwj xeeb kauj ruam solder paste templates (thov ib tug me me ntawm solder paste qhov twg xav tau, tab sis tseem muab txaus solder paste rau loj Cheebtsam) pib los ua kim heev.Yog li kuv xav tias muaj ib tug toj siab, thiab ntxiv miniaturization ntawm Circuit Court. board theem tsuas yog ib txoj kev kim kim thiab ua tau.Ntawm no, koj yuav zoo li ua kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua ntawm qib silicon wafer thiab ua kom yooj yim tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom sib cais kom tsawg kawg nkaus.
Koj yuav pom qhov no ntawm koj lub xov tooj. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1995, Kuv yuav qee lub xov tooj thaum ntxov hauv chaw nres tsheb muag rau ob peb las txhua.Ib feem ntau yog los ntawm qhov.Recognizable CPU thiab NE570 compander, loj reusable IC.
Tom qab ntawd kuv tau xaus nrog qee cov xov tooj ntawm tes hloov tshiab.Muaj qee yam khoom siv tsawg heev thiab yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi paub.Nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ntawm ICs, tsis yog tsuas yog qhov ceev yog siab dua, tab sis kuj yog ib tug tshiab tsim (saib SDR) yog saws, uas tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm cov discrete Cheebtsam uas yav tas los indispensable.
> (Siv ib qho me me ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav qhov xav tau, tab sis tseem muab cov tshuaj txhuam kom txaus rau cov khoom loj)
Hav, Kuv xav txog qhov "3D / Wave" template los daws qhov teeb meem no: thinner qhov twg cov khoom me tshaj plaws, thiab tuab dua qhov twg lub zog hluav taws xob.
Niaj hnub no, SMT Cheebtsam yog me me, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom sib cais tiag tiag (tsis yog 74xx thiab lwm yam khib nyiab) los tsim koj tus kheej CPU thiab luam tawm ntawm PCB.Sprinkle nrog LED, koj tuaj yeem pom nws ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm.
Tau ntau xyoo, kuv yeej txaus siab rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm complex thiab me me Cheebtsam.Lawv muab kev vam meej, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv ntxiv ib tug tshiab theem ntawm complexity rau cov iteration txheej txheem ntawm prototyping.
Kev hloov kho thiab simulation ceev ntawm analog circuits yog nrawm dua li qhov koj ua hauv chav kuaj.Raws li qhov zaus ntawm digital circuits nce, PCB dhau los ua ib feem ntawm kev sib dhos.Piv txwv li, kis kab mob, kev nthuav tawm qeeb.Prototyping ntawm kev txiav- ntug tshuab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv los ua kom tiav cov qauv tsim kom raug, tsis yog kev hloov kho hauv chav kuaj.
Raws li rau cov khoom nyiam, kev ntsuam xyuas.Circuit boards thiab modules yog ib qho kev daws rau shrinking Cheebtsam thiab pre-test modules.
Qhov no yuav ua rau txhua yam poob "kev lom zem", tab sis kuv xav tias tau txais koj qhov project ua haujlwm thawj zaug yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua vim yog kev ua haujlwm lossis kev nyiam ua haujlwm.
Kuv tau hloov qee cov qauv tsim los ntawm lub qhov mus rau SMD.Ua cov khoom pheej yig dua, tab sis nws tsis lom zem los tsim cov qauv ntawm tes.Ib qho yuam kev me me: "qhov chaw sib npaug" yuav tsum tau nyeem ua "parallel phaj".
Tsis yog.Tom qab lub system yeej, archaeologists tseem yuav tsis meej pem los ntawm nws cov kev tshawb pom.Leej twg paub, tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 23rd, lub Planetary Alliance yuav txais ib tug tshiab system ...
Kuv tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo ntau dua.Qhov loj ntawm 0603 yog dab tsi? Tau kawg, khaws 0603 raws li qhov loj me thiab "hu" 0603 metric loj 0604 (lossis 0602) tsis yog qhov nyuaj, txawm tias nws yuav tsis raug technically (xws li: qhov sib phim loj-tsis yog li ntawd) lawm. nruj), tab sis tsawg kawg txhua tus yuav paub tias koj tab tom tham txog dab tsi (metric / imperial)!
"Feem ntau hais lus, cov khoom siv passive xws li resistors, capacitors, thiab inductors yuav tsis zoo dua yog tias koj ua rau lawv me dua."