xov xwm

Tej zaum tom qab Ohm txoj cai lij choj, txoj cai thib ob nto moo tshaj plaws hauv kev siv hluav taws xob yog Moore txoj cai: Tus naj npawb ntawm cov transistors tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ob zaug ib xyoos ib zaug. Txij li thaum lub cev loj ntawm cov nti tseem nyob ib yam, qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tus neeg transistors yuav ua me dua lub sijhawm. Peb tau pib cia siab tias yuav muaj lub cim tshiab ntawm cov chips nrog qhov me me ntawm qhov loj me kom tshwm sim ntawm qhov nrawm, tab sis dab tsi yog qhov ua rau cov khoom me me? Puas yog me me ib txwm txhais tau tias zoo dua?
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, hluav taws xob engineering tau ua tiav zoo heev. Nyob rau xyoo 1920, cov xov tooj cua AM tshaj plaws muaj ntau lub tshuab nqus tsev, ob peb lub inductors loj, capacitors thiab resistors, kaum ob lub meters ntawm cov xov hlau siv los ua cov kav hlau txais xov, thiab cov roj teeb loj rau lub zog tag nrho. Niaj hnub no, koj tuaj yeem Mloog ntau dua kaum lub suab paj nruag streaming kev pabcuam ntawm lub cuab yeej hauv koj lub hnab ris, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua. Tab sis miniaturization tsis yog rau kev txav mus los xwb: nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo uas peb xav tau los ntawm peb cov khoom siv niaj hnub no.
Ib qho txiaj ntsig pom tseeb ntawm cov khoom me me yog tias lawv tso cai rau koj suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntau dua hauv tib lub ntim. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov circuits digital: ntau lub ntsiab lus txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem ua ntau dua hauv tib lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, hauv txoj kev xav, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav los ntawm 64-ntsis processor yog yim npaug ntawm 8-ntsis CPU khiav ntawm tib lub moos zaus. Tab sis nws kuj yuav tsum tau yim npaug li ntau yam: cov npe, adders, tsheb npav, thiab lwm yam yog tag nrho yim npaug loj dua. Yog li koj xav tau ib lub nti uas yog yim npaug loj dua, lossis koj xav tau lub transistor uas yog yim npaug me dua.
Tib yam muaj tseeb rau cov chips nco: Los ntawm kev ua cov transistors me me, koj muaj ntau qhov chaw cia hauv tib lub ntim. Cov pixels nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov duab niaj hnub no yog ua los ntawm nyias zaj duab xis transistors, yog li nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab los ntsuas lawv thiab ua tiav cov kev daws teeb meem siab dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov me me ntawm transistor, qhov zoo dua, thiab muaj lwm qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb: lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo tau zoo tuaj. Tab sis vim li cas raws nraim?
Thaum twg koj ua ib tug transistor, nws yuav muab ib co ntxiv Cheebtsam dawb. Txhua lub davhlau ya nyob twg muaj ib tug resistor nyob rau hauv series. Txhua yam khoom uas nqa tam sim no kuj muaj tus kheej inductance. Thaum kawg, muaj ib lub capacitance ntawm ob lub conductors sib ntsib. Tag nrho cov teebmeem no siv lub zog thiab ua kom nrawm ntawm transistor. Parasitic capacitances muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb: transistors yuav tsum tau them thiab tso tawm txhua zaus lawv qhib lossis kaw, uas yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm thiab tam sim no los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Lub capacitance ntawm ob tus neeg xyuas pib yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lawv lub cev loj: qhov me me txhais tau hais tias lub peev xwm me dua. Thiab vim tias cov capacitors me me txhais tau tias muaj kev nrawm dua thiab qis zog, cov transistors me tuaj yeem khiav ntawm lub moos ntau dua thiab ua kom cov cua sov tsawg dua hauv kev ua li ntawd.
Raws li koj txo qhov loj ntawm transistors, capacitance tsis yog tib qhov kev hloov pauv: muaj ntau yam txawv txawv quantum mechanical teebmeem uas tsis pom tseeb rau cov khoom siv loj. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau hais lus, ua cov transistors me me yuav ua rau lawv nrawm dua. Tab sis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj ntau dua li cov transistors xwb. Thaum koj ntsuas lwm cov khoom, lawv ua li cas?
Feem ntau hais lus, passive Cheebtsam xws li resistors, capacitors, thiab inductors yuav tsis tau zoo dua thaum lawv tau me me: ntau txoj hauv kev, lawv yuav mob zuj zus. Yog li ntawd, qhov miniaturization ntawm cov khoom no feem ntau tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua rau hauv qhov ntim me me, yog li txuag PCB qhov chaw.
Qhov loj ntawm cov resistor tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsis txhob ua rau poob ntau dhau. Qhov tsis kam ntawm ib daim ntawm cov khoom yog muab los ntawm, qhov twg l yog qhov ntev, A yog qhov chaw hla ntu, thiab ρ yog qhov resistivity ntawm cov khoom. Koj tuaj yeem txo qhov ntev thiab ntu ntu, thiab xaus nrog lub cev me me resistor, tab sis tseem muaj qhov tsis kam. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo yog tias thaum dissipating tib lub zog, lub cev me me resistors yuav tsim kom muaj cua sov ntau dua li cov resistors loj. Yog li ntawd, cov resistors me me tsuas yog siv tau hauv cov hluav taws xob qis. Cov lus no qhia tau hais tias lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm SMD resistors txo qis li cas lawv qhov loj me.
Niaj hnub no, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws resistor koj tuaj yeem yuav yog metric 03015 loj (0.3 hli x 0.15 hli). Lawv qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsuas yog 20 mW thiab tsuas yog siv rau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tsawg thiab muaj qhov txwv loj heev. Ib pob me me metric 0201 (0.2 mm x 0.1 mm) tau raug tso tawm, tab sis tseem tsis tau muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm. Tab sis txawm tias lawv tshwm sim hauv cov khw muag khoom, tsis txhob cia siab tias lawv yuav nyob txhua qhov chaw: feem ntau cov neeg tuaj tos thiab qhov chaw tsis raug txaus los tuav lawv, yog li lawv tseem yuav yog cov khoom lag luam niche.
Capacitors kuj tuaj yeem txo qis, tab sis qhov no yuav txo lawv cov peev txheej. Cov mis rau kev suav cov capacitance ntawm shunt capacitor yog, qhov twg A yog thaj tsam ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, d yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv, thiab ε yog qhov dielectric tas li (cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab). Yog hais tias lub capacitor (tseem yog ib qho khoom siv tiaj tus) yog qhov me me, qhov chaw yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg, yog li txo qhov capacitance. Yog tias koj tseem xav ntim ntau nafara hauv ib lub ntim me me, qhov kev xaiv nkaus xwb yog muab ob peb txheej ua ke. Vim muaj kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tsim khoom, uas kuj tau ua cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias (d me) thiab tshwj xeeb dielectrics (nrog rau qhov loj dua ε), qhov loj ntawm capacitors tau poob qis hauv ob peb lub xyoo dhau los.
Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws capacitor muaj hnub no yog nyob rau hauv ib qho ultra-me me metric 0201 pob: tsuas yog 0.25 hli x 0.125 hli. Lawv lub peev xwm raug txwv rau qhov tseem siv tau 100 nF, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm voltage yog 6.3 V. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pob khoom no me me heev thiab xav tau cov cuab yeej siv siab heev los tswj lawv, txwv tsis pub lawv siv dav.
Rau inductors, zaj dab neeg yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Lub inductance ntawm lub kauj ncaj yog muab los ntawm, qhov twg N yog tus naj npawb ntawm lem, A yog qhov chaw hla ntawm lub kauj, l yog nws qhov ntev, thiab μ yog cov khoom tsis tu ncua (permeability). Yog tias tag nrho qhov ntev raug txo los ntawm ib nrab, qhov inductance kuj yuav raug txo los ntawm ib nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau tseem zoo ib yam: qhov no yog vim qhov ntev thiab ntu ntu ntawm cov hlau raug txo mus rau ib feem peb ntawm nws cov nqi qub. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias koj xaus nrog tib lub zog nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm cov inductance, yog li koj halve qhov zoo (Q) yam ntawm lub kauj.
Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kev lag luam muaj discrete inductor txais lub nti loj 01005 (0.4 hli x 0.2 hli). Cov no yog siab li 56 nH thiab muaj qhov tsis kam ntawm ob peb ohms. Inductors nyob rau hauv ib qho ultra-me me metric pob 0201 tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv 2014, tab sis pom tau tias lawv yeej tsis tau qhia rau lub lag luam.
Cov kev txwv lub cev ntawm inductors tau raug daws los ntawm kev siv qhov tshwm sim hu ua dynamic inductance, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov coils ua los ntawm graphene. Tab sis txawm li ntawd los, yog tias nws tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv kev lag luam, nws yuav nce li 50%. Thaum kawg, lub kauj tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo me me. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj lub voj voog ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaus siab, qhov no tsis tas yuav muaj teeb meem. Yog tias koj lub teeb liab nyob hauv GHz ntau, ob peb nH coils feem ntau txaus.
Qhov no coj peb mus rau lwm yam uas tau ua me me hauv ib puas xyoo dhau los tab sis koj yuav tsis pom tam sim ntawd: lub wavelength peb siv rau kev sib txuas lus. Kev tshaj tawm xov tooj cua thaum ntxov siv qhov nruab nrab-yoj AM zaus ntawm 1 MHz nrog lub wavelength txog 300 meters. FM zaus band nyob nruab nrab ntawm 100 MHz lossis 3 meters tau nrov nyob ib puag ncig xyoo 1960, thiab niaj hnub no peb tsuas yog siv 4G kev sib txuas lus nyob ib ncig ntawm 1 lossis 2 GHz (txog 20 cm). Ntau zaus txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm kis tau cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm miniaturization uas peb muaj pheej yig, txhim khu kev qha thiab lub zog txuag hluav taws xob uas ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaus no.
Shrinking wavelengths tuaj yeem txo cov kav hlau txais xov vim tias lawv qhov loj me yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zaus lawv xav tau xa lossis tau txais. Niaj hnub no cov xov tooj ntawm tes tsis xav tau cov kav hlau txais xov ntev ntev, ua tsaug rau lawv txoj kev sib txuas lus ntawm GHz zaus, uas lub kav hlau txais xov tsuas yog xav tau ntev li ib centimeter. Qhov no yog vim li cas feem ntau cov xov tooj ntawm tes uas tseem muaj FM receivers xav kom koj ntsaws lub pob ntseg ua ntej siv: lub xov tooj cua yuav tsum tau siv lub pob ntseg ntawm lub xov hlau ua tus kav hlau txais xov kom tau txais cov teeb liab txaus los ntawm cov nthwv dej ntev ib-meter.
Raws li cov circuits txuas nrog peb cov kav hlau txais xov me me, thaum lawv me me, lawv ua tau yooj yim dua. Qhov no tsis yog vim tias cov transistors tau nrawm dua, tab sis kuj vim tias cov kab sib kis tau tsis muaj teeb meem ntxiv lawm. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, thaum lub sij hawm ntev ntawm ib tug hlau tshaj ib feem kaum ntawm lub wavelength, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov theem hloov nyob rau hauv nws ntev thaum tsim lub Circuit Court. Ntawm 2.4 GHz, qhov no txhais tau hais tias tsuas yog ib centimeter ntawm xaim tau cuam tshuam rau koj lub voj voog; Yog hais tias koj solder discrete Cheebtsam ua ke, nws yog ib tug mob taub hau, tab sis yog hais tias koj nteg tawm lub Circuit Court ntawm ob peb square millimeters, nws tsis yog ib qho teeb meem.
Kev kwv yees txog kev tuag ntawm Moore Txoj Cai, lossis qhia tias cov kev twv ua ntej no tsis raug rov qab los, tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus rov tshwm sim hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis kev sau xov xwm. Qhov tseeb tseem yog Intel, Samsung, thiab TSMC, peb tus neeg sib tw uas tseem yog tus thawj coj ntawm qhov kev ua si, txuas ntxiv mus txuas ntxiv nta ib square micrometer, thiab npaj los qhia ntau tiam neeg ntawm kev txhim kho chips yav tom ntej. Txawm hais tias qhov kev vam meej lawv tau ua ntawm txhua kauj ruam yuav tsis zoo li ob xyoo dhau los, qhov miniaturization ntawm transistors txuas ntxiv mus.
Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov khoom sib cais, peb zoo li tau mus txog qhov txwv tsis pub: ua rau lawv me me tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, thiab cov khoom me me uas tam sim no muaj tsawg dua qhov kev siv feem ntau xav tau. Nws zoo nkaus li tsis muaj Moore Txoj Cai rau cov khoom siv sib cais, tab sis yog tias muaj Moore Txoj Cai, peb xav pom ntau npaum li cas ib tus neeg tuaj yeem thawb qhov kev sib tw SMD soldering.
Kuv ib txwm xav thaij duab ntawm PTH resistor uas kuv tau siv xyoo 1970s, thiab muab SMD resistor rau nws, ib yam li kuv tab tom sib pauv hauv / tawm tam sim no. Kuv lub hom phiaj yog ua kom kuv cov kwv tij thiab cov muam (tsis muaj ib qho ntawm lawv yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) hloov pauv ntau npaum li cas, suav nrog kuv tuaj yeem pom qhov chaw ntawm kuv txoj haujlwm, (raws li kuv qhov muag tsis pom kev, kuv ob txhais tes yuav tshee tshee).
Kuv nyiam hais, puas yog ua ke los tsis. Kuv yeej ntxub "kev txhim kho, tau zoo dua." Qee zaum koj qhov layout ua haujlwm zoo, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom ntxiv lawm. Lub ntuj raug txim yog dab tsi? . Lub tswv yim zoo yog lub tswv yim zoo, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua los khaws nws li nws yog, es tsis txhim kho nws yam tsis muaj laj thawj. Gantt
"Qhov tseeb tseem yog peb lub tuam txhab Intel, Samsung thiab TSMC tseem tab tom sib tw ua ntej ntawm qhov kev ua si no, tas li nyem tawm ntau cov nta ib square micrometer,"
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov loj thiab kim. Xyoo 1971, tsev neeg nruab nrab tsuas muaj ob peb lub xov tooj cua, lub tso suab thiab TV. Thaum xyoo 1976, khoos phis tawj, tshuab xam zauv, digital moos thiab watches tau tshwm sim, uas yog me me thiab pheej yig rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Qee qhov miniaturization los ntawm kev tsim. Kev ua haujlwm amplifiers tso cai siv gyrators, uas tuaj yeem hloov cov inductors loj hauv qee kis. Cov lim dej nquag kuj tshem tawm cov inductors.
Cov Cheebtsam loj dua txhawb lwm yam: kev txo qis ntawm Circuit Court, uas yog, sim siv cov khoom siv tsawg tshaj plaws los ua kom lub voj voog ua haujlwm. Niaj hnub no, peb tsis mob siab heev. Xav tau ib yam dab tsi los thim rov qab lub teeb liab? Siv lub amplifier ua haujlwm. Koj puas xav tau lub tshuab lub xeev? Coj ib mpu. thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom niaj hnub no yog me me, tab sis yeej muaj ntau yam hauv. Yog li qhov yooj yim koj lub voj voog loj zuj zus thiab kev siv hluav taws xob nce ntxiv. Lub transistor siv los hloov lub teeb liab siv lub zog tsawg dua los ua kom tiav tib txoj haujlwm dua li kev ua haujlwm amplifier. Tab sis ib zaug ntxiv, miniaturization yuav saib xyuas kev siv lub zog. Nws tsuas yog hais tias kev tsim kho tshiab tau mus rau qhov sib txawv.
Koj yeej tsis nco txog qee qhov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws / qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov loj me: txo cov kab mob cab thiab nce lub zog tuav (uas zoo li counterintuitive).
Los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov pom, ib zaug qhov loj me txog li 0.25u, koj yuav mus txog qib GHz, thaum lub sij hawm lub pob loj SOP pib tsim qhov loj tshaj * cov nyhuv. Cov kab txuas ntev ntev thiab cov hlau lead no yuav tua koj.
Ntawm no, QFN / BGA pob tau txhim kho zoo heev ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum koj mount lub pob tiaj tus zoo li no, koj xaus nrog * qhov tseem ceeb * zoo dua thermal kev ua tau zoo thiab cov ntaub qhwv tawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Intel, Samsung, thiab TSMC yeej yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, tab sis ASML tej zaum yuav tseem ceeb dua hauv daim ntawv teev npe no. Tau kawg, qhov no yuav tsis siv rau lub suab passive…
Nws tsis yog hais txog kev txo cov nqi silicon los ntawm cov txheej txheem tom ntej nodes. Lwm yam khoom, xws li hnab. Cov pob me me yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsawg thiab wcsp lossis tsawg dua. Cov pob me me, me PCBs lossis modules, thiab lwm yam.
Kuv feem ntau pom qee cov khoom lag luam catalog, qhov twg tsuas yog kev tsav tsheb yog txo nqi. MHz / nco qhov loj me yog tib yam, SOC muaj nuj nqi thiab kev npaj tus pin yog tib yam. Peb tuaj yeem siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab los txo kev siv hluav taws xob (feem ntau qhov no tsis pub dawb, yog li yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev sib tw zoo uas cov neeg siv khoom nyiam)
Ib qho zoo ntawm cov khoom loj yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Cov me me transistors muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov teebmeem ntawm cosmic rays, hauv qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb no. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab txawm tias high-altitude observatories.
Kuv tsis pom qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev nce ceev. Lub teeb liab ceev yog kwv yees li 8 nti ib nanosecond. Yog li tsuas yog los ntawm kev txo qhov loj me, cov chips sai dua tuaj yeem ua tau.
Tej zaum koj yuav xav tshawb xyuas koj tus kheej cov lej los ntawm kev suav qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nthuav tawm qeeb vim qhov hloov pauv ntim thiab txo qis (1 / zaus). Qhov ntawd yog txo qhov ncua sij hawm / lub sijhawm ntawm pawg neeg. Koj yuav pom tias nws tsis txawm tshwm sim raws li qhov sib npaug.
Ib yam uas kuv xav ntxiv yog tias ntau ICs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qauv qub thiab cov chips analog, tsis yog qhov txo qis, tsawg kawg yog sab hauv. Vim yog kev txhim kho hauv kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov pob khoom tau dhau los ua me, tab sis qhov ntawd yog vim DIP pob feem ntau muaj ntau qhov chaw seem sab hauv, tsis yog vim transistors thiab lwm yam tau ua me.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua kom cov neeg hlau muaj tseeb txaus los ua cov khoom me me hauv cov ntawv thov ceev ceev, lwm qhov teeb meem yog kev ntseeg siab vuam cov khoom me me. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj tseem xav tau cov khoom loj dua vim qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog / muaj peev xwm. Siv cov tshuaj txhuam tshwj xeeb, cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb solder paste templates (siv ib qho me me ntawm solder paste qhov twg xav tau, tab sis tseem muab cov tshuaj txhuam kom txaus rau cov khoom loj) pib ua kim heev. Yog li kuv xav tias muaj ib lub toj siab, thiab ntxiv miniaturization ntawm qib Circuit Court board tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev kim thiab ua tau. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov sib koom ua ke ntau dua ntawm qib silicon wafer thiab ua kom yooj yim rau cov khoom sib cais kom tsawg kawg nkaus.
Koj yuav pom qhov no ntawm koj lub xov tooj. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1995, kuv yuav qee lub xov tooj thaum ntxov hauv chaw nres tsheb muag rau ob peb duas las txhua. Feem ntau ICs yog dhau-qhov. Paub CPU thiab NE570 compander, loj reusable IC.
Tom qab ntawd kuv tau xaus nrog qee lub xov tooj hloov tshiab. Muaj ob peb yam khoom thiab yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi paub. Nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ntawm ICs, tsis tsuas yog qhov ceev yog siab dua, tab sis kuj yog ib tug tshiab tsim (saib SDR) yog saws, uas tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm cov discrete Cheebtsam uas yav tas los indispensable.
> (Siv ib qho me me ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav qhov xav tau, tab sis tseem muab cov tshuaj txhuam kom txaus rau cov khoom loj)
Hav, Kuv xav txog qhov "3D / Wave" template los daws qhov teeb meem no: thinner qhov twg cov khoom me tshaj plaws, thiab tuab dua qhov twg lub zog hluav taws xob.
Niaj hnub no, SMT cov khoom me me, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom sib cais tiag tiag (tsis yog 74xx thiab lwm yam khib nyiab) los tsim koj tus kheej CPU thiab luam tawm ntawm PCB. Sprinkle nws nrog LED, koj tuaj yeem pom nws ua haujlwm hauv lub sijhawm.
Tau ntau xyoo, kuv yeej txaus siab rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom me me. Lawv muab kev kawm tau zoo heev, tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv ntxiv ib theem tshiab ntawm qhov nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab.
Kev hloov kho thiab simulation ceev ntawm analog circuits yog sai dua li qhov koj ua hauv chav kuaj. Raws li qhov zaus ntawm digital circuits nce, PCB ua ib feem ntawm kev sib dhos. Piv txwv li, kis kab mob cuam tshuam, kev nthuav tawm qeeb. Prototyping ntawm ib qho kev siv thev naus laus zis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv los ua kom tiav cov qauv tsim kom raug, tsis yog kev hloov kho hauv chav kuaj.
Raws li cov khoom nyiam, kev ntsuam xyuas. Circuit boards thiab modules yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau shrinking Cheebtsam thiab pre-test modules.
Qhov no yuav ua rau txhua yam poob "kev lom zem", tab sis kuv xav tias tau txais koj qhov project ua haujlwm thawj zaug yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua vim yog kev ua haujlwm lossis kev nyiam ua haujlwm.
Kuv tau hloov qee cov qauv tsim los ntawm lub qhov rau SMD. Ua cov khoom pheej yig dua, tab sis nws tsis lom zem los tsim cov qauv ntawm tes. Ib qho yuam kev me me: "qhov chaw sib npaug" yuav tsum tau nyeem ua "parallel plate".
Tsis yog. Tom qab qhov system yeej, archaeologists tseem yuav tsis meej pem los ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb pom. Leej twg paub, tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 23rd, lub Planetary Alliance yuav txais ib tug tshiab system…
Kuv tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo ntxiv. Qhov loj ntawm 0603 yog dab tsi? Tau kawg, khaws 0603 raws li qhov loj me me thiab "hu" 0603 metric loj 0604 (lossis 0602) tsis yog qhov nyuaj, txawm tias nws yuav yog qhov tsis raug (xws li: qhov sib txuam me me-tsis yog li ntawd) lawm. nruj), tab sis tsawg kawg txhua tus yuav paub tias koj tab tom tham txog dab tsi (metric / imperial)!
"Feem ntau hais lus, cov khoom siv passive xws li resistors, capacitors, thiab inductors yuav tsis zoo dua yog tias koj ua rau lawv me dua."