xov xwm

Yuav luag txhua yam uas peb ntsib hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no vam khom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau qee qhov.Vim tias peb xub pom kev siv hluav taws xob los tsim cov tshuab ua haujlwm, peb tau tsim cov cuab yeej loj thiab me los txhim kho peb lub neej.Los ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob mus rau smartphones, txhua yam khoom siv. peb tsim muaj tsuas yog ob peb yam yooj yim stitched ua ke nyob rau hauv ntau yam configuration.Qhov tseeb, rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo, peb tau tso siab rau:
Peb cov kev hloov hluav taws xob niaj hnub no vam khom plaub yam ntawm cov khoom no, ntxiv rau - tom qab - transistors, coj peb yuav luag txhua yam peb siv niaj hnub no.Raws li peb sib tw los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me, saib xyuas ntau thiab ntau yam ntawm peb lub neej thiab kev muaj tiag, xa ntau cov ntaub ntawv nrog Tsawg zog, thiab txuas peb cov khoom siv rau ib leeg, peb tuaj yeem hla cov kev txwv classics.Technology.Tab sis, thaum ntxov 2000s, tsib txoj kev vam meej tuaj ua ke, thiab lawv tau pib hloov peb lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no.Ntawm no yog li cas nws mus tag nrho.
1.) Kev loj hlob ntawm graphene. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm los yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub lab, pob zeb diamond tsis yog cov khoom uas nyuaj tshaj lawm.Nws muaj rau nyuaj, qhov nyuaj tshaj yog graphene.In 2004, graphene, atom-thick sheet ntawm carbon Muab xauv ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug hexagonal siv lead ua qauv, yog yuam kev nyob rau hauv lub lab.Tsuas yog rau xyoo tom qab no ua ntej, nws discoverers Andrei Heim thiab Kostya Novoselov tau muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Physics.Tsis tsuas yog nws yog cov khoom nyuaj tshaj puas tau ua, incredibly resilient rau. lub cev, tshuaj, thiab thermal kev nyuaj siab, tab sis nws yog ib tug zoo meej lattice ntawm atoms.
Graphene kuj muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo nkauj, txhais tau hais tias yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm graphene es tsis txhob siv silicon, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau me me thiab nrawm dua li txhua yam uas peb muaj niaj hnub no. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua kom sov, muaj zog dua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tseem ua tau hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, graphene yog li 98% pob tshab rau lub teeb, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog kev hloov pauv rau cov pob tshab touchscreens, lub teeb-emitting panels thiab txawm lub hnub ci hlwb.As lub Nobel Foundation muab nws 11 xyoo. dhau los, "tej zaum peb nyob rau ntawm lub verge ntawm lwm qhov me me ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yuav ua rau cov khoos phis tawj ua tau zoo dua yav tom ntej."
2.) Nto mount resistors.Qhov no yog qhov qub tshaj plaws "tshiab" thev naus laus zis thiab tej zaum paub txog txhua tus neeg uas tau kuaj xyuas lub computer lossis xov tooj ntawm tes.A nto mount resistor yog cov khoom me me, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ceramic, nrog cov npoo ntawm ob qho tib si. ends.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ceramics, uas tiv thaiv qhov ntws ntawm tam sim no tsis dissipating ntau lub zog lossis cua sov, tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov resistors uas zoo tshaj rau cov laus cov tsoos resistors siv ua ntej: axial lead resistors.
Cov khoom no ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab cov khoom siv mobile.Yog tias koj xav tau cov resistor, koj tuaj yeem siv ib qho ntawm cov SMDs no (surface mount devices) kom txo qhov loj me uas koj xav tau rau cov resistors, los yog nce ntxiv. lub zog koj tuaj yeem siv rau lawv nyob rau hauv tib qhov kev txwv loj.
3). Qhov chaw muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov nqi sib npaug thiab qhov sib txawv.Thaum koj sim hla tam sim no los ntawm lub capacitor nws tsub nqi thiab thaum koj tua tam sim no los yog txuas ob daim hlau lub capacitor discharges.Capacitors muaj ntau yam kev siv, nrog rau lub zog cia, a Kev tawg sai sai ntawm lub zog tso tawm, thiab piezoelectric electronics, qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov cuab yeej siab tsim hluav taws xob teeb liab.
Tau kawg, kev ua ntau daim hlau sib cais los ntawm qhov me me ntawm qhov me me, tsis yog qhov nyuaj xwb tab sis tseem muaj kev txwv. Tsis ntev los no kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv-tshwj xeeb yog calcium tooj liab titanate (CCTO) - tuaj yeem khaws cov nqi ntau hauv cov chaw me me: supercapacitors. Cov khoom siv me me no tuaj yeem them thiab tawm ntau zaus ua ntej lawv hnav; them thiab tso tawm sai dua; thiab khaws 100 npaug ntawm lub zog rau ib chav tsev ntim ntawm cov laus capacitors.Lawv yog kev ua si-hloov tshuab thaum nws los txog rau miniaturizing electronics.
4.) Super inductors.Raws li qhov kawg ntawm "Big Peb," tus superinductor yog cov neeg ua si tshiab tshaj tawm los txog rau xyoo 2018.Ib inductor yog ib lub kauj uas siv tam sim no nrog cov tub ntxhais magnetizable.Inductors tawm tsam cov kev hloov hauv lawv cov hlau nplaum sab hauv. teb, uas txhais tau tias yog koj sim cia tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws, nws resists ib pliag, ces tso cai rau tam sim no ntws dawb do los ntawm nws, thiab thaum kawg resists hloov dua thaum koj tig tawm tam sim no.Nrog rau resistors thiab capacitors, lawv yog cov peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov circuits.Tab sis ib zaug ntxiv, muaj qhov txwv me me uas lawv tuaj yeem tau txais.
Qhov teeb meem yog tias tus nqi inductance nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub inductor, uas yog npau suav killer nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm miniaturization.Tab sis ntxiv rau cov classic sib nqus inductance, kuj muaj lub tswvyim ntawm kinetic zog inductance: lub inertia ntawm Cov khoom nqa tam sim no lawv tus kheej tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv lawv txoj kev txav.Ib yam li ntsaum nyob hauv ib kab yuav tsum "sib tham" rau ib leeg kom hloov lawv qhov nrawm, cov khoom nqa tam sim no, zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yuav tsum siv zog rau ib leeg kom nrawm. los yog qeeb qeeb.Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntawm kev txav mus los.Nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Kaustav Banerjee's Nanoelectronics Research Laboratory, kinetic zog inductor siv graphene thev naus laus zis tam sim no tau tsim: cov khoom siv inductance siab tshaj plaws uas tau sau tseg.
5.) Muab graphene tso rau hauv ib qho khoom siv.Tam sim no cia peb khaws.Peb muaj graphene.Peb muaj "super" versions ntawm resistors, capacitors thiab inductors - miniaturized, robust, txhim khu kev qha thiab npaum. , tsawg kawg hauv txoj kev xav, yog lub peev xwm los tig ib qho khoom siv (ua los ntawm yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv) rau hauv ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob.Yuav kom ua tau li no, txhua yam peb xav tau yog lub peev xwm los embed graphene-raws li electronics rau hauv txhua yam khoom uas peb xav tau, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hloov tau yooj yim.Qhov tseeb tias graphene muaj qhov zoo fluidity, yooj, lub zog, thiab conductivity, thaum tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau lub hom phiaj no.
Ob peb xyoos dhau los, graphene thiab graphene cov cuab yeej tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm ib tug puv tes ntawm cov txheej txheem uas lawv tus kheej nruj nruj.Koj tuaj yeem oxidize cov qub graphite, yaj hauv dej, thiab ua graphene los ntawm cov tshuaj vapor. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas muaj ob peb lub substrates uas graphene tuaj yeem tso rau hauv txoj kev no.Koj tuaj yeem txo cov graphene oxide, tab sis yog tias koj ua, koj yuav xaus nrog cov khoom tsis zoo graphene.Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov graphene los ntawm cov tshuab exfoliation. , tab sis qhov no tsis tso cai rau koj los tswj qhov loj lossis tuab ntawm graphene koj tsim.
Qhov no yog qhov kev nce qib hauv laser-engraved graphene tuaj.Muaj ob txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav qhov no.Ib qho yog pib nrog graphene oxide.Tib yam li ua ntej: koj noj graphite thiab oxidize nws, tab sis es tsis txhob ntawm chemically txo nws, koj txo nws. nrog lub laser.Txawm li cas los xij txo qis graphene oxide, nws yog cov khoom lag luam zoo uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv supercapacitors, hluav taws xob circuits, thiab daim npav nco, thiab lwm yam.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv polyimide, cov yas kub kub, thiab cov qauv graphene ncaj qha nrog lub laser.Lub laser tawg cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv lub network polyimide, thiab cov pa roj carbon atoms thermally reorganize lawv tus kheej los ua nyias, zoo graphene nplooj.Polyimide tau qhia. ib tuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm, vim hais tias yog tias koj tuaj yeem kos graphene circuits rau nws, koj tuaj yeem hloov txhua yam ntawm polyimide rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Cov no, rau npe rau ob peb, suav nrog:
Tab sis tej zaum qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws-muab qhov tshwm sim, nce, thiab ubiquity ntawm kev tshawb pom tshiab ntawm laser-engraved graphene-yog nyob rau lub qab ntug ntawm qhov tam sim no ua tau.Nrog laser-engraved graphene, koj tuaj yeem sau thiab khaws lub zog: lub zog tswj cov cuab yeej .Ib qho piv txwv loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis ua tsis tiav yog cov roj teeb.Hnub no, peb yuav luag siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qhuav los khaws cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej siv ntau pua xyoo.Prototypes ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab, xws li zinc-air batteries thiab solid-state. hloov tau electrochemical capacitors, tau tsim.
Nrog laser-engraved graphene, tsis tsuas yog peb tuaj yeem hloov kho txoj hauv kev uas peb khaws lub zog, tab sis peb kuj tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv uas siv tau los hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau hauv hluav taws xob: triboelectric nanogenerators.Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov organic photovoltaics zoo kawg nkaus uas muaj peev xwm los hloov lub hnub ci zog. kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj ntsha hloov pauv tau yooj yim; cov possibilities yog loj.Ntawm lub frontiers ntawm kev sau thiab khaws cia lub zog, revolutions yog tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, laser-engraved graphene yuav tsum usher nyob rau hauv ib tug era ntawm unprecedented sensors.Qhov no muaj xws li lub cev sensors, raws li lub cev hloov pauv (xws li kub los yog lim) ua rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob zog xws li kuj thiab impedance (uas kuj muaj xws li cov kev pab cuam ntawm capacitance thiab inductance. ).Nws kuj suav nrog cov khoom siv uas kuaj pom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv roj thiab cov av noo, thiab - thaum siv rau tib neeg lub cev - lub cev hloov pauv hauv ib tus neeg cov cim tseem ceeb.Piv txwv li, lub tswv yim ntawm Star Trek-inspired tricorder tuaj yeem dhau los sai sai los ntawm yooj yim txuas cov cim tseem ceeb saib xyuas thaj uas tam sim ceeb toom peb txog kev hloov pauv kev txhawj xeeb hauv peb lub cev.
Cov kab kev xav no tseem tuaj yeem qhib tag nrho cov teb tshiab: biosensors raws li laser-engraved graphene thev naus laus zis.Ib caj pas dag raws li laser-engraved graphene tuaj yeem pab saib xyuas caj pas, txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnoos, buzzing, qw, nqos thiab nodding. movements.Laser-engraved graphene kuj muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo yog tias koj xav tsim ib qho khoom siv bioreceptor uas tuaj yeem tsom cov molecules tshwj xeeb, tsim ntau yam khoom siv biosensors, lossis tseem pab txhawb ntau yam kev siv telemedicine.
Nws tsis yog txog xyoo 2004 uas ib txoj hauv kev tsim cov ntawv graphene, tsawg kawg yog txhob txwm ua, yog thawj zaug tsim.In 17 xyoo txij li thaum, ib qho kev nce qib ntawm qhov sib npaug thaum kawg tau coj mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv txoj kev uas tib neeg cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob. Piv rau tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm txoj kev tsim thiab fabricating graphene-raws li pab kiag li lawm, laser-engraved graphene enables yooj yim, loj-tsim, high-zoo, thiab pheej yig graphene qauv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv nrog rau cov tawv nqaij electronics hloov.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yog tsim nyog los cia siab tias yuav muaj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub zog sector, nrog rau kev tswj lub zog, lub zog sau, thiab lub zog cia.Tseem nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze lub sij hawm yog kev nce qib ntawm sensors, nrog rau lub cev sensors, roj sensors, thiab txawm biosensors.Qhov loj tshaj plaws. kiv puag ncig yog zoo li los ntawm wearables, nrog rau cov khoom siv rau kev kuaj mob telemedicine daim ntaub ntawv.Yuav kom paub tseeb tias, muaj ntau yam kev cov nyom thiab obstacles tseem.Tab sis cov obstacles yuav tsum incremental es incremental es revolutionary txhim kho.Raws li kev cob cog rua li thiab Internet ntawm tej yam tseem loj hlob, xav tau kev pab. ultra-me me hluav taws xob muaj ntau dua li puas tau. Nrog rau qhov kev nce qib tshiab hauv graphene thev naus laus zis, yav tom ntej twb nyob ntawm no ntau txoj hauv kev.